What is the synthesis of phenacetin?
The synthesis of phenacetin from acetaminophen will be accomplished via the Williamson-ether synthesis. This is a reaction between an alkoxide or phenoxide with a methyl or primary alkyl halide (Scheme 1). Scheme 1 depicts an ethoxide reacting with methyl iodide to yield the compound ethyl methyl ether.
What is phenacetin chemical formula?
C10H13NO2Phenacetin / Formula
What is the theoretical yield of phenacetin?
The theoretical yield for the Williamson ether synthesis to produce phenacetin with the given starting reactant amounts is 1.79 g.
How is paracetamol synthesized?
Synthesis of Paracetamol (Morning) Paracetamol is made by reacting 4-aminophenol with ethanoic anhydride (more commonly called acetic anhydride). This reaction forms an amide bond and ethanoic acid as a by- product. When the reaction is complete the paracetamol is then isolated and purified.
What is the purpose of dilute HCl in the synthesis of Acetophenetidin?
Why is HCl used instead of plain deionized water in p-phenetidine in amide synthesis of acetophenetidin? HCl is used for the acid-base reaction rather than water because HCl’s polarity contributes to a reaction driven to the right. It protonates the amine group, making it easy to dissolve.
Is phenacetin a prodrug?
Phenacetin, a prodrug of acetaminophen, was withdrawn due to side effects such as methemoglobinemia and renal failure. It was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo using mice that AADAC is responsible for phenacetin hydrolysis, which leads to methemoglobinemia.
What functional groups are in phenacetin?
Phenacetin contains functional groups such as methyl and amide functional groups. These functional groups play an essential role in the metabolism of phenacetin and the molecule’s toxicity.
How do you calculate theoretical yield of a reaction?
Use the strategy:
- Use molar mass of reactant to convert grams of reactant to moles of reactant.
- Use the mole ratio between reactant and product to convert moles reactant to moles product.
- Use the molar mass of the product to convert moles product to grams of product.
How do you calculate production yield?
The formula is EP weight ÷ AP weight × 100 = yield %. Yield percentage is important because it tells you several things: how much usable product you will have after processing; how much raw product to actually order; and the actual cost of the product per dollar spent.
What is the chemical reaction of paracetamol?
Paracetamol inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by reducing the active form of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This occurs only when the concentration of arachidonic acid and peroxides is low. Under these conditions, COX-2 is the predominant form of cyclooxygenase, which explains the apparent COX-2 selectivity of paracetamol.
How is paracetamol synthesis from benzene?
Four different routes were evaluated for the industrial production (or considered as such) of paracetamol from benzene (Scheme A).
- – Route 1: Nitration of chlorobenzene.
- – Route 2: Nitration of phenol.
- – Route 3: Reduction of nitrobenzene.
- – Route 4: Acetamidation of hydroquinone (this work).
Is Phenacetin soluble in HCl?
When treated with HCl, it becomes soluble in the aqueous layer and Phenacetin would remain in the organic layer.
Is Phenacetin an acid or base?
Acetanilide and Phenacetin are not appreciably acidic, but acetaminophen (like aspirin) is a stronger acid than water.
Is phenacetin an acid or base?
What is Williamson synthesis reaction with example?
What is Williamson synthesis given as an example? Williamson’s synthesis: It is used for both basic and mixed ether preparation. The alkyl halide is heated to form corresponding ethers with alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxide. So, methyl iodide forms dimethyl ether when heated with alcoholic sodium methoxide.
What is Williamson synthesis write an example?
Williamson’s synthesis: The reaction of alkyl halides with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ethers is called Williamson’s synthesis. For example, This is one of the best methods for the preparation of both simple and mixed ethers. 744 Views.
What is Williamson synthesis equation?
CH3−ONa+X−CH3Δ CH3−O−CH3+NaI.